新托福考試近期題型解析

一、推理題的標志
　　推理題的題乾中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等詞，分爲有共性的推理題和無共性的推理題兩大類。
　　二、推理題的做法
　　對於無共性的推理題，也就是題乾中無線索的，一般使用排除法，即根據各個選項的關鍵詞廻原文定位，通過排除法得出正確答案。
　　對於有共性的推理題，也就是題乾中有線索的，可以先圈定題乾中的關鍵詞，根據關鍵詞廻原文定位，然後進行推理。推理題主要有下列思路：
　　1．一般對比推理
　　ETS設計推理題的手段不多，根據兩個事物的對比特征出題是其中之一。問其中一個事物的特征時，衹要將與之形成對比的另一個事物的特征否定掉就可以了。例如：
　　It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
　　Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
　　A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
　　B. There were great numbers of them.
　　C. They lived in the sea only.
　　D. They did not leave many fossil remains.
　　2．時間對比推理
　　這種思路常被考到。在這種推理中，一般有兩個形成對比的時間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。儅題乾問一個時間段的特征時，衹要將與之相反的時間段的特征否定掉就可以了。
　　例一：
　　Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….
　　…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
　　…
　　It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
　　(A) families were larger.
　　(B) population statistics were unreliable.
　　(C) the population grew steadily.
　　(D) economic conditions were bad.
　　例二：
　　Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.
　　What can be inferred from the passage about the majority of films made after 1927?
　　(A) They were truly “silent.”
　　(B) They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras.
　　(C) They incorporated the sound of the actors’ voices.
　　(D) They corresponded to specific musical compositions