英語講義【67】分詞和形容詞的差別

英語講義【67】分詞和形容詞的差別,第1張

英語講義【67】分詞和形容詞的差別,第2張

在英語裡,形容詞可以脩飾名詞,分詞(包括現在分詞和過去分詞)也可以脩飾名詞。久而久之,很多分詞已經轉化爲形容詞。這樣的形容詞和脩飾名詞的分詞,在意義和用法上,有何不同呢?

  ㈠從現在分詞轉化的形容詞衹反映名詞的特點,但現在分詞則表示名詞的動作。例如:

  ① It is an interesting story.(有趣的)
  ② Tom spoke with trembling fingers.(顫抖的)

  第一句的“interesting”表示名詞“story”的特點,所以是形容詞;第二句的“trembling”表示名詞“fingers”的動作,所以是現在分詞。

  ㈡現在分詞轉化的形容詞可以冠以“very, extremely, so”等程度副詞(adverbs of degree),而且還可以作比較。例如:

  ③ That was a very illuminating example.
  ④ Jim is an extremely promising young man.
  ⑤ This story book is more interesting than that one.
  ⑥ The film we saw yesterday was the most moving one we have ever seen.

  上述的程度副詞和比較式不可加到現在分詞去,因此⑦和⑧是錯的:

  ⑦ He spoke with very trembling fingers.
  ⑧ Her right eye is more sparkling than her left eye.

  ㈢過去分詞轉化的形容詞表示名詞的特色,但過去分詞脩飾名詞時則反映動作的結果。例如:

  ⑨ Henry is an experienced teacher.
  ⑩ There are many talented people in China.
  11 No one can enter through that locked door.
  12 Is Ng Min a spoilt child?

  ⑨和⑩是轉化形容詞;╆和╇是過去分詞。

  ㈣由過去分詞轉化的形容詞可以冠以程度副詞“too, so, very ”等,如:

  13 Hawker centres in Singapore are very crowded places.
  14 Samual was too upset to say anything.
  15 The winner was so agitated that he could not utter a single word.

  此外,有些轉化形容詞還可以變成狀態副詞,即有“-ly”的副詞,如:

  16 determinedly; confusedly; excitedly; expectedly; supposedly.

  反之,過去分詞既不可以冠以程度副詞,也不可變成狀態副詞。

  最後,有些轉化形容詞裡的“-ed”語音和過去分詞的不同,如:

  17 a.blessed/blesid/“神聖的”
    b.blessed/blest/“求神保祐”

  18a.crooked/krukid/“彎曲的”
    b.crooked/krukt/“使彎曲”

  19a.learned/l3:nid/“博學的”
    b.learned/l3:nd/“學習”

  17a, 18a和19a屬轉化形容詞;17b, 18b和19b則是過去分詞。

位律師廻複

生活常識_百科知識_各類知識大全»英語講義【67】分詞和形容詞的差別

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