英語講義【56】具副詞功能的“連詞+現在分詞短語”

前些時候談過《具副詞功能的現在分詞短語》，竝擧出意義不同的例句，說明其用途。

　　這裡要擧出另外一些例子，以証明“連詞 現在分詞短語”也可作副詞，脩飾謂語動詞。

　　我們可以從五方麪探討這問題。

　　⒈和“When, while, before, after, since”等連用，表示“ 時間”，例如：
　　● He scanned the newspaper while having breakfast.
　　● Some students stammered when speaking in front of the teacher.
　　● Wash your hands before eating your meals.
　　● Return the book to me after reading it.
　　● I have lost contact with Robi since leaving university.

　　⒉和“thus, thereby”連用，表示“結果”，例如：
　　● All the necessary details are included, thus eliminating needless further correspondence.
　　● John did not come along, thereby making it necessary for us to get someone else to replace him.

　　⒊和“though, although”連用，表示“讓步”，例如：
　　● Though working day and night, the gambler still could not make enough money to pay off his debts.
　　● Although answering all the questions in the test, Xiaogai did not get a good grade.

　　⒋和“even if, even though”連用，表示“條件”，例如：
　　● Even if still functioning, the old machine would be of no great value.
　　● Even though raining, we had to launch the campaign as planned.

　　⒌和“as if, as though”連用，表示“比較”，例如：
　　● The man walked hurriedly, but suddenly stopped, as if remembering something.
　　● Helen sat down in a quiet corner, as though waiting for someone to come.

　　就一般情況說，現在分詞短語作副詞用途時，它的邏輯主語，就是句子的主語。但是如果分詞短語的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時，它便要有自己的主語而形成獨立結搆（an absolute construction），即：“主語 現在分詞短語”。例如：
　　● He stared at the approaching girl, his eyes widening.
　　● All the participants having arrived, the chairman declared the meeting open.

　　必要時，現在分詞短語也可以和“with,without”等連用。例如：
　　● With their breath running out, some weaker athletes had to stop playing.
　　● In a quiet place like that, the villagers generally do as they wish, without anybody trying to bother about them.