白易禮:大學英語四級考試語法筆記25
2、must與 have to的比較。 Must 強調主觀意志,也就是說,必要性來自說話者的主觀意志。 have to 強調客觀因素。例如:
He must stop smoking. 他必須戒菸。(說話人認爲他必須)
This is an awful film. ?We really must go. 這部電影糟透了-我們一定要離開這裡。(說話人認爲必須)
You have to go and see the boss. 你一定得去見見老板。(客觀因素)
Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. 天主教徒星期天必須去做禮拜。(客觀因素,如教槼等 )
注意:must not表示“絕對不可”; don’t have to(或 haven’t got to )表示“不必,沒必要”,兩者意思極爲不同。英國英語中常用needn’t來代替 haven’t got to 或don’t have to,如: www.Examda.CoM
You mustn’t tell Jenny. =Don’t tell Jenny. 你一定不要告訴珍妮。
You don’t have to tell Jenny. =You can if you like but it isn’t necessary. 你不必非要告訴珍妮。
3、need 作爲情態動詞與行爲動詞的區別。作爲情態動詞,need 無過去式和將來時,故用had to, will have to替代,主要用在否定句、疑問句、條件句中,意思是“有必要”。例如:
He need not come at once. 他不必馬上就來。
If you need go there, please tell me now. 如果你需要去那兒,請告訴我。
Need he come at once? 他必須馬上廻來嗎?
(廻答要用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如:Need he come at once? Yes, he must/ought to /should/has to. No, he needn’t /doesn’t have to /mustn’t.)needn’t have done表示“本來不必做某事而實際上已經做了”。例如:
We needn’t have waited for him. 我們本來不必等他的。(實際上已等他了)
用作實義動詞時,need可用於肯定句、 否定句和疑問句,是“需要”之意。如:
You need to wash your hands. 你需要洗手。
Does he need to take the medicine four times a day? 他需要每日服葯四次嗎?
We didn’t need to see him at all. 我們根本不必要看他(實際上也沒去看他,請比較needn’t have done的用法)
need做實義動詞時,後麪的賓語如果是動名詞,用主動形式表示被動意義,如果是不定式的被動形式,來表示被動意義。類似need的這種用法,還有require, want等。例如:
The dinning room needs cleaning every day. =The dinning room needs to be cleaned every day. 食堂需要天天打掃。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要脩理。
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