中考英語語法難點大全之五：動詞虛擬語氣

(五)動詞虛擬語氣
　　I. 要點
　　表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發生的情況，而是一種願望、建議或與事實相反的假設等。一般常用於正式的書麪語中。
　　1、 虛擬語氣的搆成

　　注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had, should, could有時可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：
　　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
　　2、 虛擬語氣在各種從句的應用
　　(1) 在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省) ＋動詞原形"，常用於以下三種句型中。
　　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
　　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
　　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
　　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.
　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
　　(2) 在賓語從句中用於suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動詞後的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should) 動詞原形"。如：
　　I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
　　(3) 在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)＋動詞原形"。如：
　　His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
　　(4) 在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)＋動詞原形"。如：
　　We received order that the work be done at once.
　　(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是"動詞的過去式"或
　　"should ＋動詞原形",should不可省。如：It’s time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
　　II. 例題
　　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.
　　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
　　解析：該題正確答案爲D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動詞還有think, expect等，後麪的句子需用虛擬語氣
　　例2"Mary wants to see you today".
　　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
　　A comes B came C should come D will come
　　解析：該題正確答案爲B。would rather後麪的從句需用虛擬語氣，用動詞過去時表示。
　　例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.
　　A had done B might have done C might do D would do
　　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案爲B。