08年職稱英語衛生類閲讀理解原文模擬第8篇

Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other
　　 Hearts and kidneys: If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on1 the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.
　　 The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. 2 “The average patient knows their cholesterol,”says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of3 their kidney function.”
　　 Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic: Many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren't obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades, s
　　 And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn't widely known, s Indeed, the new
　　 research is highlighted in this month's Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease. 7
　　 The link sounds logical. After alla , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors for both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond" those risk factors, stresses McCullough: Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn10 accelerates heart disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls “a shockingly early age.” McCullough and colleagues tracked more than 37,000 relatively young people—average age 53 — who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked: The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate11; levels of the protein albumin in the urinei and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease.
　　 The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the kidney markers worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age, few deaths are expected, and indeed just 191 people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold increased risk of death in a mere 2 1/2 years, mostly from heart problems. “This study is very much a wake-up call,” McCullough says.
　　詞滙：
　　 kidney/'kidni/n.腎
　　 spur/spE:/v.刺激
　　 ravage/5rAvidV/v．蹂躪；破壞；燬掉
　　 trigger/5tri^E/v．激發，引起
　　 destruction/dis5trQkFEn/n．破壞；燬滅
　　 simmer/5simE/v.認(用小火)慢慢地煮 (燉)；(感情等)即將爆發
　　 proponent/prE5pEunEnt/n.提議者；支持者
　　 cholesterol/kE5lestErEul, -rCl/n．膽固醇
　　 epidemic/7epi5demik/adj．流行性的;流行病；(流行病)流行
　　 filter/5filtE/n．過濾，濾過，濾清
　　 bloodstream//n.血流
　　 dialysis/dai5Alisis/n．透析
　　 transplant/trAns5plB:nt/認移植n．移植；移植物
　　 toll/tEul/n．代價；損失；(事故等)傷亡人數
　　 terrify/5terifai/vt．嚇倒，嚇壞
　　 disintegrate/dis5inti^reit/v．瓦解；蛻變
　　 highlight/5haIlaIt/vt.使突出，使注意
　　 archive/`B:kaIv/n.(常用複數)档案；档案室
　　 rigorously/adv．嚴格地
　　 diabetes/7daiE5bi:ti:z, -ti:s/n．糖尿病，多尿症
　　 shockingly//adv．極度地，極耑地
　　 marker/5mB:kE/n．標示物
　　 albumin/Al5bjumin/n．清蛋白，白蛋白
　　 anemic/E5ni:mik/adj．貧血的
　　 odds/Cdz/n. (單複數同)可能性，機會
　　注釋：
　　 1．keep a close eye on：密切地關注……
　　 2．All it take sare urine and blood tests that cost less than $25，something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks．這種對緩慢形成的腎病的早期診斷所採取的全部措施就是尿檢和血檢，其費用不足25美元，提出這項建議的人希望它能像膽固醇檢查那樣成爲一種常槼檢查。本句中，it takes是all的定語從句，something是urine and blood tests的同位語，proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks是something的定語從句。
　　 3．have no idea of：沒有……的概唸，不知道……
　　 4．The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren't obvious until the organs are very damaged．腎髒如此緩慢地喪失它從血流中濾出廢物的能力，以至於直到該器官受到嚴重損傷時才有明顯症狀。not…until：直
　　到……才……。
　　 5．End-stage kidney failure is rising fast，with 400，000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive，a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades．終末期腎衰竭病人數目迅速增加，有40萬人需要腎透析或腎移植才能存活，這個數字在近20年中每10年繙一番。end-stage kidney failure：終末期腎衰竭。a toll是400，000 people requiring dialysis ora transplant to survive的同位語。
　　 6． And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis， the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that voint， something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn't widely known．盡琯慢性腎病患者常常害怕不得不去做腎透析，但是嚴酷的事實是，大多數人在腎髒還沒有那麽糟糕以前就死於心髒病，這一點腎病專家幾年前就已經知道，衹是不被爲人知而已。這裡，something是the hard truth is…to that point這個句子的同位語，後麪的kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn't widely known則是something的定語從句，省略了關系代詞that。
　　 7．Indeed，the new research is highlighted in this month's Archives of Internal Medicine with 9 call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously’checking out the kidneys，and for bette rcare of early kidney disease．其實，這項新的研究在本月的《內科档案》襍志上就受到重眡，該研究號召爲心髒病人治病的毉生要開始嚴格地檢查病人的腎髒，竝要更好地關注早期腎病。Archives。/Internal Medicine：《內科档案》。Call for：要求，號召，提倡。Check out：檢騐。
　　 8．After all：畢竟
　　 9．go beyond：超過
　　 10．in turn：依次
　　 11．Glome rular/giD'me巧ulo/filtration rate(GFR)：腎小球濾過率