中考英語語法難點大全之七：動詞不定式

(七)動詞不定式
　　I. 要點
　　1、 不定式的形式。以動詞write爲例。
　　式｜語態 主動語態 被動語態
　　一般式 to write to be written
　　完成式 to have written to have been written
　　進行式 to be writing
　　完成進行式 to have been writing
　　2、 不定式的句法功能
　　(1) 作主語
　　To hear from you is nice.
　　To be a good teacher is not easy.
　　不定式作主語時，爲了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語，而不定式置於謂語動詞後。如：It’s nice to hear from you.
　　It’s not easy to be a good teacher.
　　(2) 作賓語
　　通常用於want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞後。如：I forgot to lock the door.
　　Please remember to write to me.
　　(3) 作表語
　　My job is to pick up letters.
　　He seemed to have heard nothing.
　　(4) 作定語
　　不定式作定語時，須放在它所脩飾的名詞或代詞後。如：
　　I have two letters to write.
　　I have a lot of work to do.
　　(5) 作賓補
　　通常用於want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞後。如：
　　He ordered her to leave at once.
　　He was forced to obey his order.
　　(6) 作狀語
　　He got up early to catch the first bus.
　　He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
　　(7) 作獨立成分
　　To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
　　(8)"疑問詞＋不定式"結搆。 如：
　　I don’t know how to choose them.
　　I cannot decide where to go.
　　(9)不定式的否定式。如：
　　I decided not to go.
　　(10)不定式的完成式。如：
　　He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
　　The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
　　(11)too…to 結搆。如：
　　He was too excited to go to sleep.
　　He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了，樂意去)
　　(12)主動表被動。如：
　　The book is easy to read.
　　I have a book to read.
　　II.例題
　　例1 I haven’t got a chair ____.
　　A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
　　解析：該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語，脩飾名詞chair. 因爲不定式和它所脩飾的名詞間是"動賓關系"，所以不定式必須是及物動詞，故此処on不能省略。
　　例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go
　　解析：該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。
　　例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
　　A to be built B built
　　C to build D to building
　　解析：該題選A。is to be built意爲"將要被建"。