軟考:ping的工作原理

軟考:ping的工作原理,第1張

軟考:ping的工作原理,第2張

ping的原理就是首先建立通道,然後發送包,對方接受後返廻信息,這個包至少包括以下內容,發送的時候,包的內容包括對方的ip地址和自己的地址,還有序列數,廻送的時候包括雙方地址,還有時間等,主要是接受方在都是在操作系統內核裡做好的,時刻在監聽,提供一段c程序的代碼,希望對大家有用。
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  
  #define PACKET_SIZE 4096
  #define MAX_WAIT_TIME 5
  #define MAX_NO_PACKETS 3
  
  char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
  char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
  int sockfd,datalen=56;
  int nsend=0,nreceived=0;
  struct sockaddr_in dest_addr;
  pid_t pid;
  struct sockaddr_in from;
  struct timeval tvrecv;
  
  void statistics(int signo);
  unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len);
  int pack(int pack_no);
  void send_packet(void);
  void recv_packet(void);
  int unpack(char *buf,int len);
  void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in);
  
  void statistics(int signo)
  { printf("\n--------------------PING statistics-------------------\n");
  printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received , %%%d lost\n",nsend,nreceived,
  (nsend-nreceived)/nsend*100);
  close(sockfd);
  exit(1);
  }
  
  unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len)
  { int nleft=len;
  int sum=0;
  unsigned short *w=addr;
  unsigned short answer=0;
  
  
  while(nleft>1)
  { sum =*w ;
  nleft-=2;
  }
  
  if( nleft==1)
  { *(unsigned char *)(&answer)=*(unsigned char *)w;
  sum =answer;
  }
  sum=(sum>>16) (sum&0xffff);
  sum =(sum>>16);
  answer=~sum;
  return answer;
  }
  
  int pack(int pack_no)
  { int i,packsize;
  struct icmp *icmp;
  struct timeval *tval;
  
  icmp=(struct icmp*)sendpacket;
  icmp->icmp_type=ICMP_ECHO;
  icmp->icmp_code=0;
  icmp->icmp_cksum=0;
  icmp->icmp_seq=pack_no;
  icmp->icmp_id=pid;
  packsize=8 datalen;
  tval= (struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
  gettimeofday(tval,NULL);
  icmp->icmp_cksum=cal_chksum( (unsigned short *)icmp,packsize);
  return packsize;
  }
  
  
  void send_packet()
  { int packetsize;
  while( nsend
  { nsend ;
  packetsize=pack(nsend);
  if( sendto(sockfd,sendpacket,packetsize,0,
  (struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr) )<0 )
  { perror("sendto error");
  continue;
  }
  sleep(1);
  }
  }
  
  
  void recv_packet()
  { int n,fromlen;
  extern int errno;
  
  signal(SIGALRM,statistics);
  fromlen=sizeof(from);
  while( nreceived
  { alarm(MAX_WAIT_TIME);
  if( (n=recvfrom(sockfd,recvpacket,sizeof(recvpacket),0,
  (struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen)) <0)
  { if(errno==EINTR)continue;
  perror("recvfrom error");
  continue;
  }
  gettimeofday(&tvrecv,NULL);
  if(unpack(recvpacket,n)==-1)continue;
  nreceived ;
  }
  
  }
  

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