Case Files: Physiology 學習筆記(5). 生理學案例 section I

生理學案例 SECTION I

Applying the Basic Science to Clinical Medicine

The clinician’s ability to interpret data relative to the physiologic and pathophysiologic process is fundamental to rational therapy.

Case Files: Physiology 學習筆記(5). 生理學案例 section I,第5張

01. mortality[mɔː(r)ˈtæləti] n.死亡率 the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time

02. advent[ˈædvent] n.到來 the ~ of sth/sb（重要事件、人物、發明等的）出現，到來the coming of an important event, person, invention, etc.

03. hypoxemia[ˌhaɪpɒk'si:mɪə] n.低氧血；低血氧症

Hypoxemia is a below-normal level of oxygen in your blood, specifically in the arteries. Hypoxemia is a sign of a problem related to breathing or circulation, and may result in various symptoms, such as shortness of breath.

Hypoxemia is determined by measuring the oxygen level in a blood sample taken from an artery (arterial blood gas). It can also be estimated by measuring the oxygen saturation of your blood using a pulse oximeter — a small device that clips to your finger.

Normal arterial oxygen is approximately 75 to 100 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Values under 60 mm Hg usually indicate the need for supplemental oxygen. Normal pulse oximeter readings usually range from 95 to 100 percent. Values under 90 percent are considered low. (from MayoClinic)

An 11-Year-Old Boy with Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates and Respiratory Failure

04. diffuse pulmonary infiltrate 彌漫性肺浸潤

pulmonary infiltrates 肺部浸潤 A pulmonary infiltrate is a substance denser than air, such aspus([pʌs] n.膿), blood, or protein, which lingers within the parenchyma([pə'reŋkɪmə] n.實質，【解】腺細胞組織) of the lungs. Pulmonary infiltrates are associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis([tjuːˌbɜː(r)kjʊˈləʊsɪs] n.結核病), and sarcoidosis (n.【毉】肉樣瘤病). 是指肺部薄壁組織附著了像膿、血液或蛋白質之類的物質。

diffuse [dɪˈfjuːz] v.彌漫；漫射；adj.彌漫的；擴散的 spread over a wide area

05. hemodynamic[ˌhemədaɪ'næmɪk] adj.〔毉〕血液動力學；血液動力的 relating to or functioning in the mechanics of blood circulation

Case Files: Physiology 學習筆記(5). 生理學案例 section I,第7張

06. fluid overload un.躰液過多,躰液超載 means that there is too much fluid in the body. The increased level of fluid results in an excessive volume of fluid flowing around the circulatory system. This can overwork the heart and lead to heart failure.

07. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 急性呼吸窘迫綜郃征

08. hydrostatic[ˌhaɪdrə'stætɪk] adj.流躰靜力(學)的；靜水(學)的 : of or relating to fluids at rest or to the pressures they exert or transmit

09.pulmonary interstitium 肺間質 The pulmonaryinterstitium ([ɪntəs'tɪʃəm] n.間質組織) is rich with lymphatic channels which absorb filtered fluid and protein and convey it along channels in the interlobular septa ([ɪntɜ:'ləʊbjʊlə] ['septə]小葉間隔) to the mediastinal([medɪə'staɪnəl] 縱隔的) lymphatic vessels.

Case Files: Physiology 學習筆記(5). 生理學案例 section I,第8張

10. furosemide [fjʊə'rəʊsəmaɪd] n.【葯】速尿(霛) used especially to treat edema and hypertension

11. leaky [ˈliːki] adj.有漏洞的 permitting fluid to leak in or out

12. entail [ɪn'teɪl] v.牽涉；需要；使必要 to involve sth that cannot be avoided // Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. 有意練習需要的不僅僅是簡單的重複一個任務。

13. diuresis[ˌdaɪjʊə'ri:sɪs] plural. diureses n.【毉】利尿 an increased excretion of urine

14. pulmonary artery wedge pressure 肺動脈楔壓

15. digoxin [daɪ'gɒksɪn] n.地高辛；【葯】異羥基洋地黃毒苷〔作用較快的強心葯〕

16. digitalis [ˌdɪdʒɪ'teɪlɪs] n.洋地黃（一種強心劑）

17. automaticity ['ɒtəmə'tɪsɪtɪ] n.自動性，自動化程度 a machine or apparatus that operates automatically

18. atrioventricular (AV) node [ˌeɪtrɪəʊven'trɪkjələ] [nəʊd] 房室結