高考英語語法:由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句
1. 由“介詞 關系代詞”引導的定語從句主要用於正式文躰,在非正式文躰中通常將介詞放至句末。如:
This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是這個人。
This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是這個人。
2. 直接用於介詞後作賓語的關系代詞which不能換成that,直接用於介詞後作賓語的關系代詞whom不能換成who。但若介詞用於句末,則用作賓語的which, whom也可換成that, who,或者省略不同。如:
This is a subject about which we have talked a lot. 這是一個我們討論了許多的問題。(which不能換成that,也不能省略)
This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 這是一個我們討論了許多的問題。(which可以換成that,也可以省略)
3. 關系副詞when, where, why根據情況有時可換成“介詞 關系代詞which”。如:
That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住過的房子。
That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必須道歉的原因。
4. 在很正式的文躰中,“介詞 關系代詞”引導的定語從句可緊縮成“介詞 關系代詞 不定式”結搆。如:
在那兒孩子們有個玩耍的花園。
正:There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)
正:There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)
正:There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語化)
注:這類“介詞 關系代詞 不定式”結搆中的介詞不能沒有,也不能放在句末。如不能說There the children had a garden which to play in.
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