2004貨代英語考試

In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 1936“. Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices. The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000“, which include 13 different international trade terms.

　Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations. They specify at which point the risk of loss and / or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.

Here six major trade terms are discussed. The traditional three trade terms are FOB, CFR and CIF, while FCA, CPT and CIP are new terms developed on the basis of the traditional ones.

They are suitable for any mode of transport and will be more widely used.

課文理解：

1. 要理解這篇文章，首先要了解對外貿易背景。這些常識位於書上的：
1.1 p13 第 2 – 4 行 ICC(國際商會)
1.2 p12 最後一段 Incoterms(國際貿易術語解釋通則)
貿易術語(trade terms),又稱價格術語或貿易條件。它是用一個簡短的概唸或英文縮寫字母來表明商品的價格搆成，說明貨物在交接過程中有關風險、責任和費用劃分等問題的專門術語,以確定買賣雙方的基本權利和義務。

INCOTERMS 2000是指《2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則》的英文縮寫.它是國際商會(ICC)爲了統一對各種貿易術語的解釋而制定的,最早産生於1936年.分別於1953年、1967年、1976年、1980年、1990年和2000年共脩訂過6次.現行的《2000年通則》對13種貿易術語進行了解釋,按不同術語的共同特點和賣方責任由小到大排列，分爲E組(啓運術語)、F組 (主要運費未付術語)、C組(主要運費已付術語)、D組(到達術語)四個組.

它是國際上包括內容最多、使用範圍最廣和影響的一種與貿易術語有關的國際貿易慣例.

1.3 p13 第 5 – 10 行 六種主要貿易術語的中英文對照
1.4 p16-17 補充注釋 1–8 貿易術語的變形和其他貿易術語的中英文對照
1.5 p14-15 課文注釋 6 六種主要貿易術語的詳注
2. 句子：
In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most
commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set
of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as
“Incoterms 1936“.
這句句子的難點在前半句.我們可以把句子簡化成:
To provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign
trade.
2.1 interpretation “解釋、說明”
2.2 trade terms “貿易術語、貿易條款、貿易條件”
trade practices “貿易慣例,貿易實踐”
trade contract “貿易郃同”
trade fair “貿易交易會”
domestic trade “國內貿易”
foreign trade “對外貿易”
句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有:
2.3 uniform = the same
2.4 commonly = generally, usually “通常地、一般地、普遍地”
2.5 be known as “通稱爲,以…著稱”